Green facades and living walls are vertical greenery systems for growing plants with less or without soil on a vertical surface. Living walls are relevant for interior and exterior vertical surfaces to be vegetated with wide range of plant species, herbs, and vegetables. All public buildings and public spaces can take advantage of the positive effects of a vertical garden implementation as they improve urban microclimate and visual site characteristics. They affect urban heat island by direct sunshade and increasing air quality and humidity, improve acoustic environment and biodiversity. They could have a positive effect on mental health through biophilia – a psychological orientation of being attracted to all that is alive and vital. Living walls are relevant for compact city structure locations and areas with properties flanked by high solid fences.

• Provide important ecosystem services in areas with sealed urban structure with no space for conventional urban greening;
• They provide improved air quality, heat island effect reduction, energy cost reduction, noise level reduction, visual benefits, increased biodiversity by creating habitats for birds and beneficial insects.

• Broadly replicable but constraints are imposed on the planting materials due to different climate conditions at different geographical locations;
• Can cover wide range of scales due to the flexibility of the conception for vertical plant layer implementation. Needs to be incorporated into the investment projects, especially when covering a façade.